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How Interconnects Work: Crosstalk Quantification

Crosstalk problems here to stay as long as interconnects are designed as the open waveguiding systems. Thus, understanding and proper quantification of the crosstalk and mitigation of the consequences are important. This article outlines multiple possible ways to quantify the crosstalk: coupling coefficients, frequency domain metrics, time-domain analysis of crosstalk, and a modern statistical approach. 


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Analysis of Skew

Intra-pair skew is a crucial metric when working with multiple lines. Its behavior, measurements, and interpretations are closely linked to other forms of signal degradation, making the definition of a single skew value a nuanced issue that requires careful consideration. In this article, Gustavo Blando and Prashant Pappu introduce three distinct methods for measuring skew, providing options for a wide variety of contexts and skew measurement goals.


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Ultrafast Impedance Measurement of Active Ultra-High Current PDNs

In this article, Steve Sandler presents three viable solutions for measuring ultra-low impedance with a maximum of 10 ms, each of which can be performed using sophisticated and novel FFT based 3-port measurement. These methods involve applying digitally modulated patterns to create modulated load currents up to 1500 A and recording the resulting power rail voltage perturbations. 


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Reflections on the Origins of COM

Channel operating margin (COM) is a well-documented IEEE standard that has been used successfully since 2014 in the design of channels and specification of interconnect. In this article, Rich Mellitz reflects on the COM origin story and considers the future of the standard.


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200+ Gbps Ethernet Forward Error Correction (FEC) Analysis

DesignCon 2024 Best Paper Award Winner

In order to study what is needed and what has been adopted for the next Ethernet speed node of 200 Gbps per lane, this DesignCon 2024 paper, a recipient of the Best Paper Award, investigates different FEC schemes such as end-end, concatenated, and segmented FECs, examining how these different FEC schemes affect signal integrity and performance in different end applications. 


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