Multi-tone testing has many benefits. While the multi-tone methodology was initially implemented to increase the speed of immunity testing, it has been found that this method also improves equipment efficiency, offers greater flexibility to truly test the equipment (EUT) under real world threat conditions, and can be fully compliant to standards.

VNAs make measurements in the frequency domain and can be used to supplant the information that native time domain instruments, like fast oscilloscopes, Signal Quality Analyzers (BERTs) and Time Domain Reflectometers/Transmission instruments (TDR/TDT’s) already provide.

This technical paper provides correlation studies between measured data and multiple field solver technologies, providing multiple references to different types of analyses that include AC frequency domain comparisons for both power integrity and signal integrity. It includes time domain characterization of the results using TDR and noise measurements for both packages and printed circuit boards.