Billions of crystals are manufactured annually to be used in virtually every electronic device. From mobile phones and fitness trackers to cars and cell towers, crystals are the heart beat of products we depend on daily. Crystals are the fundamental building block of electronic oscillator circuits that create an electrical signal with precise frequency. Learn more with Epson’s Designer’s Guide to: Common Considerations when selecting a MHz Crystal.

Multi-tone testing has many benefits. While the multi-tone methodology was initially implemented to increase the speed of immunity testing, it has been found that this method also improves equipment efficiency, offers greater flexibility to truly test the equipment (EUT) under real world threat conditions, and can be fully compliant to standards.

A key challenge for embedded devices with DDR memories is to maintain signal integrity in the presence of power and ground rail fluctuations. This becomes even more important as supply voltages decrease and switching speed increases leading to tighter power rail tolerances and jitter requirements.