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The Road from 1 Gbps-NRZ to 224 Gbps-PAM4.png

The Road from 1 Gbps-NRZ to 224 Gbps-PAM4

Semiconductor signal conditioning and signal recovery innovations have extended data rates by managing allowable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at progressively higher Nyquist frequencies. We have experienced how each successive signaling technology increases the electro-mechanical design resolution needed to address the channel physics while respecting the SNR of the chips. These movements throughout the years have provided a baseline of traditional design goals that lead us to better understand today’s 224 Gbps-PAM4 physical layer requirements.


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