Articles by Cathy Liu

In this article, Cathy Liu discusses how channel error models and FEC performance analysis have been updated according to industry changes, as well as how different Ethernet coding schemes have been studied and simulated for 800GE and 1.6GE systems with 200 Gbps per lane. Liu investigates concatenated FEC with soft-decision decoding for inner code to protect 200 Gbps optical link and the effect of different FEC options on system SI.

With the growth of 5G data traffic and AI computing, data centers need faster connectivity to meet the increasing bandwidth. High speed I/O speed beyond 112 Gb/s per lane is required. If we follow the SerDes technology revolution by doubling the data rate per lane in every 2-3 years, the next generation I/O data rate will be 224 Gb/s. In this article, Cathy Liu explores options, technical challenges, and potential solutions to achieve 224 Gb/s per lane.

Future data center and high-speed computation require faster connectivity to meet the increasing set of applications and bandwidth. IEEE and OIF have developed 106-112 Gbps per lane electrical interface specifications P802.3ck1 and CEI-112 G2 for the 400 GbE system. To meet the next-generation system bandwidth requirement, industry and standard bodies recently kicked off new projects aiming at 800 GbE or even higher speeds beyond 1 TbE. So what comes next beyond 112 Gbps for electrical interfaces over copper (Cu) channels? Will it be 224 Gbps?

Interested in performance analysis for 100+ Gb/s per lane PAM4 interfaces? This paper takes a detailed look at high-speed serial link error propagation models and different Ethernet coding schemes as part of FEC performance analysis for 100/200/400 GbE systems with 100+ Gb/s per lane PAM4 interfaces.

Looking into advanced error code correction? Many techniques involve forward error correction. But what exactly is that and how does it relate to your design? Cathy Liu spells it out in this article.